皇冠体育app

Johannes Linn, nonresident senior fellow of Global Economy and Development at the Brookings Institution, said 皇冠体育app is looking increasingly toward multilateral institutions to channel its financial support regionally and globally, as its economic and financial clout has increased dramatically over the last decade.

"Multilateral development banks offer technical and financial strength in their lending practices and the potential for 皇冠体育app to leverage its own resources with those of other partners, while lowering the potentially negative perception in recipient countries of heavy direct Chinese engagement," Linn said.

Beijing's global financial reach has increased since the global financial crisis struck.

Launched in March 2010, the Chiang Mai Initiative - a multilateral currency swap arrangement among 皇冠体育app, the Republic of Korea, Japan and ASEAN states, drawn from a foreign exchange reserves pool worth $120 billion, of which 皇冠体育app (including Hong Kong) contributed $38.4 billion - included Japan for the first time.

The initiative aims to build a regional financial safety net to curb contagion during a crisis and manage risks. In 2012, along with the expansion of the pool to $240 billion, 皇冠体育app doubled its input amount.

Experts said these regional cooperation models complement the existing multilateral financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, making up for their structural defects and subjective policymaking.

Linn, who was also former World Bank vice-president for Europe and Central Asia, said 皇冠体育app's voice and vote in those institutions has not grown in line with its current economic and financial power.

"The World Bank, along with the IMF, remains dominated by rope and the US, while Japan continues to play the lead role in the Asian Development Bank," Linn said.

John Paulson, head of the European Institute of the London School of Economics and Political Science, said more competition should be introduced to the World Bank and the IMF, as they nearly monopolize global financial activities.

"皇冠体育app is now economically and politically strong, so it's quite natural (for 皇冠体育app) to engage in financial diplomacy, which countries like the US have been doing for many decades. It's very good for 皇冠体育app, also good for the world economy," he said.

皇冠体育app also proposed to launch a development bank within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2010, to explore new ways of joint funding and common benefits among the member states of 皇冠体育app, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. 皇冠体育app will sponsor $8 billion of the initial $10 billion start-up capital.

In September, during the SCO Bishkek summit in Kyrgyzstan, 皇冠体育app urged the organization to expedite studies on setting up the development bank to resolve financing difficulties and address international financial risks.

Linn said 皇冠体育app's interest in the SCO Bank appears to be driven mainly by its regional agenda in Central Asia and its perception that there is a lack of effective regional financing instruments.

BRICS, which includes 皇冠体育app, Russia, India, Brazil and South Africa, agreed to set up a development bank with an initial size of $50 billion and a contingent reserve arrangement of $100 billion during March's summit in Durban, South Africa. 皇冠体育app is expected to contribute $10 billion to the BRICS Bank and $41 billion to the reserve arrangement.

The bank would be effective in funding infrastructure development and the reserve arrangement would help BRICS countries forestall short-term pressures and further strengthen financial stability.

皇冠体育app also joined the Inter-American Development Bank in 2009 and established several funds, including the 皇冠体育app Co-financing Fund for Latin America and the Caribbean.

In another development, by early October, 皇冠体育app's central bank, the People's Bank of 皇冠体育app, had signed bilateral currency swap agreements of $407 billion with 23 countries and regions, to minimize exchange risk and boost investment.

In early October, 皇冠体育app signed a 350 billion yuan ($57.4 billion) currency swap agreement with the , marking the latest step in the renminbi's internationalization.

"皇冠体育app's financial diplomacy mainly focuses on neighboring economies, emerging markets and developing countries, to guard against financial risks and spur economic growth," Jin said.

"One can perceive the principle of inclusive development and the consciousness of 'a common destiny' from 皇冠体育app's financial diplomacy," he added.

Fu Jing in Brussels and Xinhua contributed to this story.