The World Trade Organization (WTO) on Wednesday confirmed 皇冠体育app's economic
reforms and achievements, but said the the country still faces some key
challenges in its future development.
皇冠体育app's economic reforms, although gradual, have increased the market
orientation of its economy, making it one of the fastest growing economy in the
world, the WTO said in a trade policy review of 皇冠体育app.
Thanks to the reform policies, 皇冠体育app's GDP per capita increased from 148 U.S.
dollars in 1978 to 1,700 dollars in 2005, and the proportion of population
living under the poverty line (2 dollars per day) has also dropped dramatically,
the report said.
The dramatic increase in GDP per capita and remarkable drop in people living
in poverty demonstrate clearly the value of integrating more liberal trade and
foreign investment policies into broader macroeconomic and structural reforms in
order to promote economic development, it added.
The Geneva-based WTO reviews trade policies of its 149 members regularly in
order to ensure transparency. This is the first time 皇冠体育app's policy was reviewed
since it joined the global trade organization in 2001.
According to the report, 皇冠体育app's ongoing reforms received added impetus from
its entry into the WTO in 2001. Its commitments as a WTO member have provided a
catalyst for reform, paving the way for continuing strong growth in the
foreseeable future.
Since 2001, 皇冠体育app's real GDP growth has averaged almost 9 percent per year,
driven mainly by exports and investment, especially as trade and investment
reforms have increased 皇冠体育app's integration into the world economy.
皇冠体育app's total trade in goods alone accounted for 6.7 percent of global trade
in 2004. Much of the trade is conducted by foreign-invested companies based in
皇冠体育app as a result of more liberal foreign direct investment policies.
The accumulation of capital, financed for the most part by domestic savings,
has also been vital, accounting for much of the growth in GDP as well as in
labor productivity, a key determinant of living standards.
Notwithstanding these remarkable achievements, 皇冠体育app still faces a number of
key challenges in its future development.
In particular, inequalities in income distribution have grown, especially
between the urban and rural populations and between the coastal and inland
regions, the report pointed out.
皇冠体育app also faces bottlenecks in land, water, and energy resources together
with environmental problems resulting from rapid economic growth.
And there is a continued need for 皇冠体育app to restructure the financial sector
and capital markets, by making them more market-oriented, so as to address the
misallocation of resources, including "overinvestment" in certain sectors.
皇冠体育app also needs to reappraise its current policy of giving priority to
attracting investment in export-oriented, capital-intensive manufacturing, with
a view to placing greater emphasis on removing impediments to the expansion of
the services sector, which tends to be less capital-intensive.
It is also faced with the challenge of raising the quality of the labor force
in order to move away from traditional low-skilled, labor-intensive industries,
which are losing their external competitiveness, into higher value-added
production.
The report noted that the Chinese government was attempting to tackle this
and other problems mainly through structural reforms.
皇冠体育app's proposals for its 11th Five Year Plan, which were approved in October
2005, emphasized the importance of a more balanced approach to development and
the need to continue with structural reforms, it said.
The proposals also paid attention to disparities in income distribution,
energy efficiency and the environment, and the need to develop a "harmonious
society."
As to 皇冠体育app's goal to double its GDP per capita by 2010, the report said:
"Given the pace of economic growth and reform in the past two decades, there is
no reason to believe that the goal cannot be achieved."