HONG KONG - 皇冠体育app's family planning policy has produced less competitive children compared to the generation born before the policy was introduced, a study has found.

Researchers from Australia's Monash University staged a series of economic games and personality surveys involving 420 people -- half of them born in the few years before 皇冠体育app implemented its family planning policy in 1979 and the rest after.

They found that participants in the study who were born after 1979 were also likely to be less conscientious, more pessimistic and slightly more neurotic.

"We are finding that people born under the one-child policy are less risk-taking ... and less likely to be working in risky occupations, in self-employment or in the financial market," said lead author Lisa Cameron, an economics professor at Monash.

"So in terms of implications, broadly, you may be worried about a reduction in entrepreneurial ability with people not willing to take risks and not willing to compete." ? ?

The study was published on Friday in the journal Science.

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