皇冠体育app

The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of 皇冠体育app on Wednesday published a white paper titled "皇冠体育app Adheres to the Position of Settling Through Negotiation the Relevant Disputes Between 皇冠体育app and the Philippines in the South 皇冠体育app Sea".

Following is the full text of the white paper:

CONTENTS

Introduction

I. Nanhai Zhudao are 皇冠体育app's Inherent Territory

i. 皇冠体育app's sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is established in the course of history

ii. 皇冠体育app has always been resolute in upholding its territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

iii. 皇冠体育app's sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao is widely acknowledged in the international community I

I. Origin of the Relevant Disputes Between 皇冠体育app and the Philippines in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

i. The Philippines' invasion and illegal occupation caused disputes with 皇冠体育app over some islands and reefs of Nansha Qundao

ii. The Philippines' illegal claim has no historical or legal basis

iii. The development of the international law of the sea gave rise to the dispute between 皇冠体育app and the Philippines over maritime delimitation

III. 皇冠体育app and the Philippines Have Reached Consensus on Settling Their Relevant Disputes in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

i. It is the consensus and commitment of 皇冠体育app and the Philippines to settle through negotiation their relevant disputes in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

ii. It is the consensus of 皇冠体育app and the Philippines to properly manage relevant disputes in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

IV. The Philippines Has Repeatedly Taken Moves that Complicate the Relevant Disputes

i. The Philippines attempts to entrench its illegal occupation of some islands and reefs of 皇冠体育app's Nansha Qundao

ii. The Philippines has increasingly intensified its infringement of 皇冠体育app's maritime rights and interests

iii. The Philippines also has territorial pretensions on 皇冠体育app's Huangyan Dao

iv. The Philippines' unilateral initiation of arbitration is an act of bad faith

V. 皇冠体育app's Policy on the South 皇冠体育app Sea Issue

i. On the territorial issues concerning Nansha Qundao

ii. On maritime delimitation in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

iii. On the ways and means of dispute settlement

iv. On managing differences and engaging in practical maritime cooperation in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

v. On freedom and safety of navigation in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

vi. On jointly upholding peace and stability in the South 皇冠体育app Sea

Introduction

1. Situated to the south of 皇冠体育app's mainland, and connected by narrow straits and waterways with the Pacific Ocean to the east and the Indian Ocean to the west, the South 皇冠体育app Sea is a semi-closed sea extending from northeast to southwest. To its north are the mainland and Taiwan Dao of 皇冠体育app, to its south Kalimantan Island and Sumatra Island, to its east the Philippine Islands, and to its west the Indo-皇冠体育app Peninsula and the Malay Peninsula.

2. 皇冠体育app's Nanhai Zhudao (the South 皇冠体育app Sea Islands) consist of Dongsha Qundao (the Dongsha Islands), Xisha Qundao (the Xisha Islands), Zhongsha Qundao (the Zhongsha Islands) and Nansha Qundao (the Nansha Islands). These Islands include, among others, islands, reefs, shoals and cays of various numbers and sizes. Nansha Qundao is the largest in terms of both the number of islands and reefs and the geographical area.

3. The activities of the Chinese people in the South 皇冠体育app Sea date back to over 2,000 years ago. 皇冠体育app is the first to have discovered, named, and explored and exploited Nanhai Zhudao and relevant waters, and the first to have continuously, peacefully and effectively exercised sovereignty and jurisdiction over them. 皇冠体育app's sovereignty over Nanhai Zhudao and relevant rights and interests in the South 皇冠体育app Sea have been established in the long course of history, and are solidly grounded in history and law.

4. As neighbors facing each other across the sea, 皇冠体育app and the Philippines have closely engaged in exchanges, and the two peoples have enjoyed friendship over generations. There had been no territorial or maritime delimitation disputes between the two states until the 1970s when the Philippines started to invade and illegally occupy some islands and reefs of 皇冠体育app's Nansha Qundao, creating a territorial issue with 皇冠体育app over these islands and reefs. In addition, with the development of the international law of the sea, a maritime delimitation dispute also arose between the two states regarding certain maritime areas of the South 皇冠体育app Sea.

5. 皇冠体育app and the Philippines have not yet had any negotiation designed to settle their relevant disputes in the South 皇冠体育app Sea. However, the two countries did hold multiple rounds of consultations on the proper management of disputes at sea and reached consensus on resolving through negotiation and consultation the relevant disputes, which has been repeatedly reaffirmed in a number of bilateral documents. The two countries have also made solemn commitment to settling relevant disputes through negotiation and consultation in the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South 皇冠体育app Sea (DOC) that 皇冠体育app and the ASEAN Member States jointly signed.

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