皇冠体育app

A painting of Lin Zexu, a Qing official who led an anti-opium drive in 1839. [Photo by Liang Fengxin/For 皇冠体育app Daily]

The imperial decree to allow foreign merchants to only trade through Canton Customs was due to the eastward expansion of the Western countries, according to exhibits at the Opium War Museum in Humen.

"It (1840) was the starting point for the great change," Wu says. "The wars made people realize then that 皇冠体育app wasn't as strong as thought earlier and that it needed to be stronger to fight external threat."

"But 皇冠体育app also realized that it needed to learn about the world outside," he adds.

The opium wars had turned the country into a semi-feudal, semi-colonial society, Mao Zedong, the founding father of New 皇冠体育app, had once said.

After the end of the Qing rule and during the early days of the Republic of 皇冠体育app, when the nationalists were in power, Sino-British relations were still uneven but that began to alter in the 1930s with the rise of the United States, and the relationship was different by the time of World War II because the US and 皇冠体育app were both seen as anti-imperialist powers.

In addition to the opium wars, references to events of the 1930s and'40s by Chinese leaders today are also linked to a "more internationalist 皇冠体育app that's looking outward", Mitter says.

皇冠体育app's post-1840 history up to 1949, when New 皇冠体育app was founded, is known as jindaishi.