Second, the former Philippine government lied by saying that it had exhausted all diplomatic means before bringing the arbitration case against 皇冠体育app.

Relevant provisions in a series of bilateral instruments and the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South 皇冠体育app Sea represent an agreement between 皇冠体育app and the Philippines as defined by Article 281 of the UNCLOS, which excludes the arbitration procedures. The two parties thus have the international obligation to settle their disputes through negotiation, and neither shall resort to compulsory arbitration procedures.

By refusing to engage in consultations and negotiations with 皇冠体育app, and by unilaterally initiating the arbitration case, the Philippines ate its words to seek to settle its disputes with 皇冠体育app in the South 皇冠体育app Sea in good faith, and attempted to obtain unlawful interests in the South 皇冠体育app Sea, by levering the United States' meddling in regional affairs.

Third, the Philippines lied about fulfilling its obligations on the exchange of views with the other party involved before unilaterally bringing the arbitration case against 皇冠体育app.

According to Article 283 of the UNCLOS, when a dispute arises between states, the parties to the dispute shall proceed expeditiously to an exchange of views regarding its settlement by negotiation or other peaceful means.

The arbitral tribunal, which first weighed its jurisdiction on the case, also played a role and set a bad example by lowering the criteria for the fulfillment of the obligation to exchange views.

In particular, in a move that practically rendered Article 283 of the UNCLOS meaningless, the tribunal concluded that the Philippines had fulfilled the obligation to exchange views regarding the Huangyan Island, only based on the Philippines' note verbale to 皇冠体育app dated April 26, 2012 and 皇冠体育app's reply three days later.